Thailand and Cambodia have been locked in a border dispute for more than a century, which exploded again in the summer of 2025. Peace efforts have had mixed results and fighting continues.
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A historical dispute over lines drawn on colonial maps is often used as a pretext for simmering nationalism. The two countries have had what one historian called a “sibling rivalry” for decades, fanned by competing claims to the region’s rich cultural heritage, including ancient temples in disputed areas. Among them is Preah Vihear, which has long been the focal point of the dispute. The 11th-century Hindu temple, known as Khao Phra Viharn in Thailand, has been controlled at different times by both sides.
The Guardian journalist Oliver Holmes explains how a decision by a colonial power in the early 20th century continues to play a role in the conflict along the border.
To find out more, follow the link to read our visual guide to the historical maps and temples at the heart of the Thailand-Cambodia conflict ► https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/17/a-visual-guide-to-the-historical-maps-and-temples-at-the-heart-of-the-thailand-cambodia-conflict
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