Russian President Vladimir Putin met President Xi Jinping at the Great Hall of the People, where a large-scale welcome ceremony was held for his arrival.
Crowds of children holding Russian and Chinese flags were there to greet the two delegations, as well as the military honour guard.
The leaders held bilateral talks, where Putin invited Xi to Russia next year and told him the relationship between their two nations had reached a "truly unprecedented level".
“My dear friend. We are truly delighted to see you. We keep in constant touch, both personally and through our aides in the government," Putin said.
The Russian leader also described China and Russia’s cooperation in foreign policy as "one of the key stabilising factors on the international stage".
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